AWS B1.11 pdf free download

AWS B1.11 pdf free download.Guide for the Visual Examination of Welds.
2.5 Procedures. Development of standard procedures covering examination methodology and acceptance criteria results in consistency and accuracy. Such procedures are normally prepared by the employer and typically consist of detailed instructions that interrelate the various fabrication processes, the customer ‘s detailed requirements, and baseline inspection criteria. Items such as who performs an inspection, when to perform an inspection, how to perform an examination, and where to perform an examination are typically included in the procedure. As a minimum the standard procedures should include the following: workmanship standards, check lists, and examination equipment requirements.
When written procedures are not available, inspectors may be asked to work directly with codes and specifications.
2.6 Certification Programs. To provide assurance that visual inspectors are qualified (that is, sufficient prerequisites are obtained and maintained), it may be desirable to have visual inspection personnel formally certified. Contract documents, fabrication standards, or regulatory agencies may require special qualifications for visual inspectors. Several standards developers offer certification programs for visual inspectors such as AWS QC1, Standard for Certification of Welding Inspectors
2.7 Safety. Visual inspectors should receive sufficient indoctrination on welding safety practices. There are many potential safety hazards present (electricity, gases, fumes, ultraviolet light, heat, etc.). All personnel working in or exposed to a welding environment should seek training in welding safety.
3. Fundamentals of Visual Examination
3.1 General. Visual examination reveals surface flaws, and is a valuable indication of weld quality. It is a simple, accessible, low-cost inspection method, but it requires a trained inspector. Additionally, it can be an excellent process-control tool to help avoid subsequent fabrication problems and evaluate workmanship.
Visual examination only identifies surface discontinuities. Consequently, any conscientious quality control program should include a sequence of examinations performed during all phases of fabrication. An inspection plan should establish hold points that allow for visual examination prior to subsequent operations.
A conscientious program of visual inspection before and during welding may reduce costs by revealing surface defects early in the fabrication process.
3.2.8 Review S torage of Welding Consumables. Welding consumables should be stored in accordance with the manufacturer ‘s recommendations, applicable codes, and contract requirements.
3.3 During Welding. During welding, some typical action items requiring attention by those responsible for weld quality should include the following:
(1) Check preheat and interpass temperatures
(2) Check conformance to Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)
(3) Examine weld root pass
(4) Examine weld layers
(5) Examine second side prior to welding
Any of these factors, if ignored, could result in discontinuities that could cause serious quality degradation.
3.3.1 Check Preheat and Interpass Temperatures. When required by the reference code, contract documents, or the Welding Procedure Specification, preheat and interpass temperatures should be verified by the inspector. See 5.4, Temperature Measuring Devices, for equipment used to check temperatures.
3.3.2 Check Conformance with Welding Procedure Specification. Verify that the welding operation is in compliance with the Welding Procedure Specification. Such variables as consumables, wire feed speed, joint design, electrical characteristics, and technique among others should be verified.AWS B1.11 pdf download.